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Sigurd Eysteinsson
Sigurd Eysteinsson (aka Sigurd the Mighty, ruled c. 875–892〔Ashley, pp. 440–441〕) was the second Viking Earl of Orkney, who succeeded his brother Rognvald Eysteinsson. He was a leader in the Viking conquest of what is now northern Scotland. Bizarrely, he was killed by the severed head of one his enemies, Máel Brigte, who may have been mórmaer of Moray.〔 Sigurd strapped Máel Brigte's head to his saddle as a trophy of conquest, and as he rode, Máel Brigte's teeth grazed against Sigurd's leg. The wound became infected and Sigurd died.〔Translations of the ''Orkneyinga saga'' (chapters 4 and 5), which relates the story, can be read online at (Sacred texts ) and (Northvegr ).〕
==Heimskringla and Orkneyinga==
The two main sources for Sigurd's life are the Norse ''Heimskringla'' and ''Orkneyinga'' sagas. According to the sagas, after the Battle of Hafrsfjord unified the Norwegian kingdom in or after 872, the Orkney and Shetland islands became a refuge for exiled Vikings, who raided their former homeland. The king of Norway, Harald Finehair, subdued the pirate Vikings with the aid of Rognvald Eysteinsson of Møre.
During the conquest, Rognvald's son, Ivar, was killed, and in compensation for his loss Harald gave Rognvald the islands along with the title of Jarl or Earl. With the consent of Harald, Rognvald transferred the title and lands to his brother Sigurd, who was one of Harald's forecastlemen.〔Crawford〕〔Gray, chapter 3, pp. 21–22〕 The ''Historia Norvegiæ'', written around the same time as the sagas but from a different source, corroborates the conquest of the islands by Rognvald's family, but omits any details.〔
In league with Thorstein the Red, Sigurd expanded his domains to the Scottish mainland, and conquered Caithness and Sutherland at least as far south as ''Ekkjalsbakka'', which some sources say was in Moray, but was much more likely to be farther north somewhere along the banks of the river Oykel.〔〔Dasent, chapters 4 and 5, note 9〕 His exploits in conquering the north of Scotland became legendary and earned him the epithet, "the Mighty",〔 or in Old Norse ''ríki''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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